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Ninh Thuan
Area: 3,363.1 sq. km. Population: 567,9 thousand habitants (2006) Capital: Phan Rang - Thap Cham City Districts: Ninh Hai, Ninh Phuoc, Ninh Son, Bac Ai, Thuan Bac Ethnic groups: Viet (Kinh), Cham, Ra Glai, Co Ho, Hoa.
Introduction: Geography, Tourism, Transportation.
Attraction:
- Historical & Cultural Vestiges: Po Klong Garai Towers, Porome Tower.
- Scenic Landscapes: Ninh Chu Beach.
- Cultural Travel: Cau Dao Festival of the Cham, Kate Festival.
- Ecological Travel: Ca Na Beach.
Geography
Located in South-Central Coast, Ninh Thuan shares border with Khanh Hoa Province on the north, Lam Dong Province on the west, Binh Thuan Province on the south and East Sea on the east.
The terrain is a mixture of mountain, plain and seaside. Main rivers name Sat, Cai, Ong, Gia, Can, La, Quao. Mountains surround three faces of Ninh Thuan including Tha Nhonh, Chuan, Suong Mu, and Hon Dien mountains. Long seaside makes Da Vach, Thi, Ca Na capes and sea ports.
Climate: The climate is a combination of the tropical monsoon and dry and windy weather. It is hot, dry, windy all of year. There is two seasons: the rain season lasts from May to November, the dry season lasts from December to April. Annual average temperature is 27ºC.
Tourism Ninh Thuan belongs to tourism triangles: Dalat - Nha Trang - Phan Rang. Coming to there, tourists are able to relax in Ca Na Tourist Site, swim in Ninh Chu Beach, Vinh Hy Bay, climb to Da Trang Mountain, and observe natural animals in Phan Rang Reservation, or visit Pi Nang Tac Stone Trap.
Being home of Cham minority group, Ninh Thuan has characters culture of Cham ethnic, which stamp in local custom, Cham dance, sculpture, pottery, and brocade and agriculture of Cham towers. Famous towers name Po Klong Garai and Porome.
Nowadays, Cham people still preserve matriarchy, a valuable inheritance of Vietnam, and special festivals such as Kate, Cha Bun ceremonies, Royal Idiladha and Ra Glai Tribe festivals and other ceremonies like dig a ditch, dam up, new rice...
Transportation Phan Rang - Thap Cham City is 105km from Nha Trang, 110km from Dalat, 350km from Ho Chi Minh City and 1.382km from Hanoi. Phan Rang Town is on North - South Express Train, National Highway No.1A and National Highway No.27.
Attraction
1) Historical & Cultural Vestiges
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Po Klong Garai Towers
Location: The Po Klong Garai Towers is located on Trau Hill, approximately 9km northwest of Phan Rang – Thap Cham City near Thap Cham Railway Station in Ninh Thuan Province. Characteristics: The towers consist of four towers, which remain from a group of six towers constructed in the late 13th century and early 14th century. The towers were built to worship King Po Klong Garai, who did great service to the country and people (according to the legend, he suffered from leprosy). The king is hailed by the Cham people as the God of Water. The main tower is 20.5m high. Each of its base sides is 10m long and made into a square in conformity with traditional Cham architecture. Its interior is an east-west rectangular and the entrance looks east. Po Klong Garai is a group of marvelous towers, reaching the peak of the Cham architectural art. This is also the place for the Cham people in Ninh Thuan Province to do rituals during the annual Kate Festival. During excavation projects in the area, French archaeologists found a number of gold and silver bowls and jewellery.
Location: Porome Tower is located in Bon Acho Hill in Hau Sanh Hamlet, Phuoc Huu Village, Ninh Phuoc District, Ninh Thuan Province. Characteristics: This tower worships the stone statue of King Porome, which takes the form of Mukha Linga and the stone statue of Queen Bia Thanh Chanh of E De origin. Porome Tower was built between the end of 16th century and the beginning of 17th century. Like many other typical Cham Towers, Porome Tower has a square shape with 4 stories and is 8 meters high, with a nearly 8-meter wide base, and the door, which has the special style, faces to the East. At present, there exists only the 19m-high main tower. The statue of the king is 1.2m high and made into a high relief. It is put in front of an arched tombstone decorated with small relief at the back. Behind the main tower is a small shrine dedicated to the stone statue of Queen Bia Thanh Chih of Cham origin. Though not big, the tower has a distinctive style. Porome Tower is one of very few Cham Towers which has remained virtually intact up to now, and is the place where Cham people often pray to King Porome on festival days.
2) Scenic Landscapes
Location: Ninh Chu Beach is located in Khanh Hai Town let, Ninh Hai District, Ninh Thuan Province. Characteristics: It is famous for its 10km of white sands happed like a crescent moon, turquoise water, and green pine trees. The atmosphere is refreshing, water is crystal clear, and waves crash onto the sea shore all the year round. The comfortable Ninh Chu hotel and Bungalows here are hidden in immense poplar forest, near limitless rice fields smelling sweet. Near the beach is also Nai pond full of fish, shrimp, prawn, lobster, craw-fish... and Ca Du Mountain, Da Chong Mountain with different sized rocks pilling up, which create a harmonious nature.
3) Cultural Travel
Time: The 18th day of the fifth lunar month or when the drought menaced. Place: Poklong Garai and Po Rome Towers, Ninh Thuan Province. Objects of worship: Agriculture Genie. Characteristics: The sorcerer and local people go to tower to worship the Agriculture Genie praying for rain and pray gods for good crops. White buffalo is used as the offering to sacrifice to the god.
Time: From the 1st day of the seventh month according to Cham calendar (equivalent to 25 September to 5 October by solar calendar). Place: Po Nagar Tower Temple (Huu Duc Hamlet), Po Klong Garai Tower (Do Vinh Ward, Cham Tower), Po Rome Tower (Hau Sanh Hamlet). Objects of worship: Gods: Po Klong Garai, Po Rome. Characteristics: Ritual of the Cham people. The Cham people’s Kate Festival lasts three days on a large area, from tower temple (Bi mon or Ka lan) to villages (Paley) to each family (Nga wom). This is the most unique festival of the Cham community. It is not only connected with ancient tower temples where the highest technical and aesthetic values of Cham culture are stored but also other cultural aspects such as votive things, costumes, music instruments, and songs praising kings who made great service to the country and people. The festival is also an occasion where the participants can enjoy unique folk singing, dancing and music. They can dance with Cham girls and relax with Gi nang drumming and Saranai trumpeting. The festival serves as evidence for the cultural richness of the Vietnamese. The Cham people’s Kate Festival takes place in three tower temples at the same time and on the same day. The rituals are similar in content and the way of conducting. The festival consists of two parts, rituals and festivities, as follows: The first day is for the ceremony to receive Goddess Po Nagar’s costumes in Huu Duc Hamlet. The ceremony takes place from 1.30 p.m of the first day to 9 p.m of the same day in the hamlet’s temple. It is for receiving the costumes of Po Nagar, who the Cham people consider the mother of their land. She is the ancestress of the Cham community. She taught local people to grow rice, plant cotton, weave clothing and carry out the festival. At the temple, people hold ceremonies to receive and give the goddess’ precious things and cultural exchanges between the Cham and Raglai people.
The second day is for Kate Festival at Cham Towers. The costume receiving ritual (often starting at 7 a.m) All the royal costumes at Cham tower temples are kept by the Raglai people. Therefore, at the Kate Festival, the Cham people have to do a ceremony to welcome the Ragrai people who bring the costumes to the Cham Tower Temples. The ceremony is held solemnly because it initiates the whole festival. The ceremony to receive costumes at Po Nagar Temple takes place in the afternoon, one day before the official festival day at the tower temples. It starts at 1.30 p.m and finishes at 9 p.m the same day. Similar ceremonies at Po Rome and Po Klong Garai Towers take place in the next morning. Although they take place at different times, the rituals are almost the same. On the day of the ceremony to receive King Po Klong Garai’s costumes at Po Klong Grai Temple in Phuoc Dong, the Raglai people arrive there in the early morning. The man who takes care of the temple offers liquor and eggs to ask for gods’ permission to take the costumes to Po Klong Garai Tower for a ritual. When he finishes his job, King Po Klong Garai’s costumes are put on a palanquin and taken to Po Klong Garai Tower. The way from Phuoc Dong Hamlet to the tower is about four kilometers. As soon as the procession arrives at the tower, a group of dancers will perform a dance in front of the tower. This dance will also performed at the end of any stage of the Cham people’s rituals. The similar ceremony at Po Rome Tower takes place on the same day.
4) Ecological Travel
Location: Ca Na Beach is located in Phuoc Dien Commune, Ninh Phuoc District, Ninh Thuan Province. Characteristics: This is a calm, pristine beach with its turquoise water lapping the relatively rocky shore. Snorkeling is also a possibility. Due to its proximity to the highway, Ca Na Beach is a popular stop-over for the passing tourists. Many small guesthouses with modern facilities have been built along the coast. Tourists can visit the picturesque grottoes such as Ong Phat Grotto, Ong Nong Rapids, Bac Mountain, and visit traditional villages in Ninh Phuoc District, or relax on the splendid white sand beaches dotted with huge boulders. Tourists can also enjoy seafood or rent a boat to Lao Cau (Rau Cau) Island, 10km from Ca Na.
(Source: Vietnam National Administration of Tourism) |